სტანდარტიზაცია და სისტემები

              standartizacia da sistemebi

    devid tomasi aRniSnavs, rom onlain sistemebSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli momxmareblis moTxovnileba/saWiroeba standartizebuli aRwerisadmi. onlain sistemebi qmnian sxvaobas momxmareblisTvis. sdandartizacia damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabaraTe katalogebisTvis. momxmarebelebs, romlebic icnobdnen erT katalogs SeeZloT igive codna gamoeyenebinaT sxva katalogebSic da raime sirTules ar xvdebodnen. standartizacia ar xdeba swrafad.mas didi dro sWirdeba CamoyalibebisTvis. standartizaciis nakleboba gvaxsenebs wina saukunes, rodesac katalogebi Seicavdnen sxvadasxva zomis baraTebs da informacias, romelic baraTze iyo aklda Tanmimdevruloba.

   standartizacia gaCnda, rodesac melvil devisis katalogis yuTma ajoba sxva zomis katalogebs. biblioTekis katalogebSi me-20 s-is meore nawilSi iyo mowodeba sastandarto programebis onlain katalogebisTvis. rogorc mart liim ganmarta: ,,opakSi standartizaciis naklebobis gamo katalogis momxmarebels SeiZleba gauWirdes erTi opakis codnis gamoyeneba sxva saZiebel opakSi sxva biblioTekaSi.

  dResdReobiT ar arsebobs realuri standartebi, aris mxolod gaidlainebi da SeTavazebebi. opakis bazarze gamyidvelebis konkurenciis gamo standarti jer kidev ar Camoyalibdeba. gamyidvelebi ayalibeben axal Tvisebebs, TiToeuli gamyidveli sxvadsxava donis mniSvnelobas da aspeqts aniWebs Tavis sistemas. zogs sxvadsxva saZiebeli sistemebi aqvs. gamyidvelebi cdiloben ganaviTaron saintereso standartis programa, moiZebnian sxvadsxva Tvisebebs, raTa daikavon didi adgili sistemis dizainSi, Tumca Semdeg aman SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos sistemis grZelvadian progress. kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas standartizaciasa da sabazro Zalebs Soris zusti balansis dadgena. onlain saZieblebic gansxvavdebian da aqac mcirea standartizacia. es aris gagrZeleba nabeWd saZiebelSi arsebuli naklebi standartizaciisa. Cans, rom komerciuli sawarmoebi ar arian dainteresebuli standartizaciiT.

 

  mTavari sfero, romelSic aSkaraa standartizaciss nakleboba aris sistemuri gamoCena. gamoCena SeiZleba 2 jgufad daiyos: 1. Ziebis Sedegebis gamoCena; 2. Canawerebis gamoCena. orive gulisxmobs saekrano mowyobis ganlagebas.

   Ziebis Sedegebis gamoCena.  mTvaria pirveli Zebnis Sedegebi rogor gamoCndeba-rogorc calkeuli Canawerebis sia Tu saTaurebis sia, romelic manam aris warmodgenili sanam realuri Canawerebi gamova. mag: zogi sistema rodesac eZeben avtors gvarad bensons gamoiyvans yvela bensons. am sistemaSi saxelebia anbanis mixedviT ganlagebuli. adamians SeuZlia gadaikiTxos sia da ipovos Sesabamisi saxeli. ar gamoaqvs nawarmoebebi. aq unda gadavxedoT orives avtorsa da nawarmoebis saTaurs da ara saxelebs pirvel rigSi.

     meore sakiTxia,Tanmimdevroba. pirveli katalogebi muSaobdnen,,last in,first out”   principiT. rodesac sistema ganviTarda mas gamohqonda pasuxebi konktetul saZiebelze, rogoricaa avtori da saTauri anbanis mixedviT.

   rodesac sistema daixvewa,momxmarebls mieca saSualeba akontrolos gamoCenili informacia. umetes sistemebSi momxmarebels SeuZlia miuTiTos winaswargansazRvruli sia parametrebis, Tu rogor surT, rom Zebnis Sedegebi iyos daxarisxebuli. mag: Tu erTi irCevs Sedegebs daxarisxebuls avtoris mixedviT,naCvenebi iqneba daxarisxebuli sia ,magram es SeiZleba ar iyos is,rac momxmarebels ainteresebda.

  gasul wlebSi zogma instituciam daamata Ziebis saxeebi, rogoricaa endeka, maT informaciul sistemebSi,rac iTvaliswinebs daTvalierebas sxavadsxva nawilebis/aspeqtebis saSualebiT(faceted browsing). es eyrdnoba indeqsebis meta monacemebs, rac Seqmnilia sistemis mier, imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos axali da saintereso Zebnis Sedegebis dajgufebis gzebi. nacvlad imisa, rom Caweri sakvanZo sityva da gamoCndes Sedegebi, sxvadasxva nawilebis mixedviT Ziebis sitema ajgufebs Sedegebs garkveuli aspeqtebis kuTxiT. mag:sagnobrivi, formatis,avtoris,regionis, enis mixedviT. msgavsi aspeqtebis Sesabamisad dajgufebuli SedegebiT,momxmarebels aqvs saSualeba daiwyos yvelaze DSesabamisi saTanadao SedegebiT.

Canawerebis gamoCena.

  sanam saqme gveqneba Canawerebis gamoCenasTan,ramdenime kiTxvas unda gaeces pasxui.esenia: uzrunvelyofs Tu ara Cveneba saTanado,Sesabamisi raodenobis informacias? romeli velebi unda iyos naCvenebi? ra kategoriebi unda iqnas gamoyenebuli? ra TanmimdevrobiT SeiZleba gamoCndes informacia?

 informacia,romelsac katalogi Seicavs xelmZRvanelobs didi xnis dawesebuli da Sedgenili wesebiT.sakatalogo Canaweri moicavs ZiriTad da damatebiT Senatans. bevri Canaweri SeiZleba iyos didi,mag: damatebiT Sinaaris SeniSvnebi, an mokle.  indeqsis CanawerebSi Sesuli informacia aris sruliad cvalebadi.

MARC is Canawerebis SemTxvevaSi katalogizatoris mier Setanili informacia xSirad uxilavia momxmareblis mier. (mag. kodirebuli informaciis SemTxvevebi)

  Kkargi dizainis sistemis SemTxvevaSi, koduri informacia SeiZleba daprogramebuli iyos  warmosadgenad/disfleisvis an mosaZebnad,magram arc erTis SemTxvevaSi informacia ar aris xelmisawvdomi.  saZieblebs aqvT Tavisi kodirebis sqema, an MARC-ze dafunebuli an dasawyissi Seqmnili. Isini anTavseben informacias sxvadasxvagvaad, xSirad momxmarebels aZkleven saSualebas akontrolos  informaciis tipi da raodenoba. metainformaciis warmodgenis sxva gza ar arsebobs.

 Oonlain katalogebSi aris mravali gza informaciis Cvenebisa. SeiZleba iyos erT an or xaziani versia, mokle axsna an sruli Cveneba.  Tumca sityva << full’’ – sruli iSviaTad niSnavs imas ,rom CanawerSi mTeli informacia iqneba warmodgenil. zogierTi sistema marTlac rom  gvaZlevs saSualebas vnaxoT MAMARC Canaweri.defoltirebuli warmodgena ,rodesac Zebnis pasuxad gamodis erTi Canaweri an rodesac momxmarebeli irCevs Canawers CamonaTvlis sanaxavad, aris mokle varianti xSirad. defoltirebuli Cveneba sxvadasxvagvaria sxvadasxva sistemaSi. Aaseve sistemebi gansxvavdeba im informaciis raodenobiTA da saxeobiT, romelic ugulebelyofilia sruli Canaweridan,raTa mokled iyos warmodgenili. Elisan qarelim da tresi timonsma Seiswavles 122 vebkatalogi da daadgines, rom avtori, saTauri, da gamomcemlobis are warmodgenilia erTi defoltirebuli  CanaweriT,magram sxva areeebi/sferoebi wamodgenilia iSviaTad da is,rac aris warmodgenili, aris Seusabamod naCvenebi. ( mag: saTauris sfero xSirad Seicavs pasuxismgebeli pirisgancxadebas, zogjer ar Sicavs). Tomasis gancxadebiT momxmareblisTvis sferoTaA mcire raodenobaa gamosadegi. Aamitom unda arsebobdes gaidlainebi,romelic aarCevs yvelaze moTxovnad sferoebs warmosadgenad.

 sistemebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian CanawerebSi arsebuli metamonacemebis kategoriebad dayofiT. Aaq gansxvavebas  qmnis terminologiac.am mxriv problema eqmneba seeriul Canawerebs.infromacia yvelaze zusti kategoriiT SeiZleba damabneveli iyos momxmareblisTvis. amave dros, kiTxvis niSnis qveSaa metamonacemebis kategoriebad dayofis saWiroeba. Kkategoriebi SeiZleba damabneveli iyos da SeiZleba yvelaferi ver moicvas sferoSi. Mmag:MARCis formatSi 245 sfero kategoriiT saTauri, Seicavs kidev pasuxismgebeli pirebis gancxadebebs. ( adamianebi an korporaciuli organoebi, romlebic pasuxismgebeli arian informaciis inteleqtualur Sinaarsze.) tomasi miuTiTebs, rom miuxedavd imisa, rom bevri momxrea kategoriebad dayofisa, ar arsebobs empiriuli mtkicebuleba,rom kategoriebad dayofili Cveneba umjobesia. vinmem SriZleba ifiqros, rom arakategoriebad informaciis Cveneba( mag: ISBBgamoyeneba rogorc iyo 7.1- 7.3) ar gamoiwvevs did problemas momxmareblisTvis da mokle Canawerebis SeiZleba gauqmdes.magram, kategoriebi da mokle Cvenebebi isev arsebobs.

 Mmokle CanawerebSi problemas qmnis is, rom maTSi mocemuli infomacia Seusabamoa sistemidan sistemaSi. zogierTi Slis zogierT SeniSvnas, romelic damabnevelia,zogic inaxavs mxolod pirvel SeniSvnas. ESeniSvnebi Seqmnilia imisTvis, raTa mogvces informacia, rom ufro naTeli gaxados monacemi , romelic adreul ganmartebaSi iyo mocemuli. SeniSvnebis gareSeE,momxmarebeli SecdomaSi iqneboda Seyvanili mocemuli informaciiT. zogierT sistemaSi, Temis saTauri ar aris mocemuli Tavdapirveli Cvenebisas. zogierTi mokle warmodgenisas ar aris mocemuli pasuxismgebeli piris gancxadeba an damatebuli Canaweri. Tu momxmarebeli eZebs meore avtors an sxva avtors, mokle warmodgenisas SeiZleba ver ipovos is pirovneba an korporaciuli organo,gansakuTrebiT, maSin, rodesac pasuxismgebeli piris gancxadeba ar aris miTiTebuli saTauris areSi. Aman SeiZleba dabneva gamoiwvios Tu momxmarebelma ar icis rom, kategoria ,,avtori’ gamoiyeneba mxolod pirvelad naxsenebi pasuxismgebeli pirovnebis an organosTvis. Aaxal sistemaSi ver gadavalT im molodiniT, rom metamonacemi ucvleli  darCeba.

Mmomxmareblis winaSe arsebul problemebs Soris umTavresia gansxvaveba napovni Sedegebis CamonaTvalis TanmimdevrobaSi. Tu informacia ganlagebulia qronologiurad, is mocemuli iqneba an aRmavali an damavali principiT. Tu is alfabeturia, uamravi gza arsebobs kompiuteris daprogramebis anbanur rigze., romelzec gavlenas axdens punqtuacia, Sualedebiani ganlageba da msgavsi sxva faqtorebi. rTulia agreTve cifruli ganlageba, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT im problemaze Tu ricxvebi asoebis Semdegaa Tu manmade mocemuli. E

 DgamoCenis gaidebi. sxvadasxvagvarma damokidebulebam disfleis 2 tipisadmi( mopovebuli Sedegis disflei da Canawrebis disflei) gamoiwvia muSaoba gaidlainebze standartizebuli disfleisTvis. IFLA-is ( biblioTekebis asociacebis da institutebis saerTaSoriso federacia) jgufma 1999 gamosca gaidlainebi, raTa daxmareboda biblioTekebs TavianT OPAc –s  SeqmnaSi an xelaxla SeqmnaSi. gaidlainSi mocemuli iyo 37 principi, romlebic efuZneboda katalogis miznebsa da momxmarebelTa mier warmoebuli Ziebis tips.

 Ggaidlaini gvirCevs difoltis standartul kompleqts, romlebic ganimarteba, rogorc Tvisebebi, romelic unda arsebobds im momxmareblisTvis,romelsac ar gaukeTebia arCevani, agreTve aq igulisxmeba is momxmarebeli,romelsac surs pirdapir daiwyos Zebna yovelgvari instruqciis gareSe. rekomendirebuli  difolTebi rom farTod iyos danergili momxmarebeli did sargebels naxavda imiT, rom SeZlebda erT biblioTekaSi SeZenili Zebnis Uunar-Cvevebis gamoyenebas sxva biblioTekaSi.

  IFLa-s jgufis da sxva mkvlevarebis mcdeloba fokusirebuli iyo momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebaze Zlieri, magarm advilad gamosayenebeli saZiebeli instrumentebisadmi. Mmagram ar iyo imis garantia, rom sistemis gamyidveli Seasrulebda am gaidlainebs. Aarc 1999is gaidlainebs da arc OPAC-is disfleis kvlevis 3ma dekadam ar moaxdina gavlena integrirebuli biblioTekebis sistemis dizainze. erTaderTi Zala , romelic gavlenas moaxdens gamyidvelebze aris meti da meti sabazro wili.